PTSD: National Center for PTSD

Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF)

Description

The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure--Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF) is a self-report instrument consisting of 9 items that measure direct exposures to warfare and its consequences. This short-form was developed from 2 scales (Combat Experiences and Aftermath of Battle; 30 items) of the broader DRRI-2 measure.

Administration and Scoring

The DRRI-2 WE-SF takes less than two minutes to complete on average, and thus is particularly suited to contexts where use of the full DRRI-2 Combat Exposure and Aftermath of Battle scales is not feasible due to time constraints. Specifically, the DRRI-2 WE-SF is ideal for use in settings where time is limited and/or the researcher or clinician is mainly interested in proximal warfare exposures, rather than the full breath of warfare exposures (both more proximal and distal exposures).

This short form uses a 6-point Likert-type response format to measure frequency of experience: 1 (Never), 2 (Once or Twice), 3 (Several times over entire deployment), 4 (A few times each month), 5 (A few times each week), 6 (Daily or almost daily).

To score, sum the total of all items which will range from 9-54. Higher scores are indicative of greater warfare exposure.

Sample Item

• Item: During deployment ... I personally witnessed someone from my unit or an ally unit being seriously wounded or killed.
• Response: 6-point Likert (1 = "Never" to 6 = "Daily or almost daily")

Citation

Vogt, D., Bovin, M. J., Smith, B. N., & Kulka, R. (2022). The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF) [Measurement instrument]. Available from https://www.ptsd.va.gov.

Reference

1. Bovin, M. J., Schneiderman, A., Bernhard, P. A., Maguen, S., Hoffmire, C. A., Blosnich, J. R., Smith, B. N., Kulka, R. & Vogt, D. (2022). Development and validation of a brief warfare measure among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans: The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF). Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Advance only one publication. https:doi.org/10.1037/tra0001282

To Obtain Scale

This measure was created by staff at VA's National Center for PTSD.

Download the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short From:

• DRRI-2 WE-SF (PDF)

Are you using this measure with U.S. Veterans or Service members?

Our PTSD Consultation Program can answer administration or scoring questions: PTSDconsult@va.gov or 866-948-7880.

Measure availability: We provide information on a variety of measures assessing trauma and PTSD. These measures are intended for use by qualified mental health professionals and researchers. Measures authored by National Center staff are available as direct downloads or by request. Measures developed outside of the National Center can be requested via contact information available on the information page for the specific measure.